DNA profiling for crime investigation free essay sample

Abstract— DNA profiling also called as DNA typing or Gene fingerprinting has been used as a powerful process for identification of humans. Many countries around the world where forensic databases have created to store DNA patterns(DNA profiles) of crime scenes in order to put the actual criminals behind the bars and free the innocent who have been kept in jails for years without any real evidence of crime. DNA profiling is not just limited in crime investigations but have got many other applications as to detect paternity child case investigation, Huge mass detection in big disasters, to detect severe diseases beforehand like cancer, diabetes etc. In Forensic Science, manual investigation has to be automated in a way to store more and more DNA profiles in database so that crime rate reduces at higher pace. Keywords— DNA, DNA Profiling, Forensic Science, CODIS, DNA Testing I. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequencing is well established process that is used to identify individuals especially in forensic DNA analysis that involves crime investigation. At first glance question arises in mind why just a DNA sequence is considered for crime investigation process though there are other software present that can identify a criminal like Fingerprint Recognition Systems, Iris Recognition Systems, Palm Recognition Systems, Retina recognition systems, Thumb recognition systems and others. Actually what happens is when crime scene happened the criminals are very sharp because they do know the investigations will get started and it’s not so simple to run away from crime scene? So they tried not to leave any kind of fingerprints. At this time DNA profiling plays a vital role to investigate these situations and get precise and accurate results in the form of perfect match of DNA sample. Genetic tests have been widely used for forensic evidences and mass- fatality identification (terrorist attacks, airplane crash, and tsunami disaster. Genetic testing results are integrated with information collected by multidisciplinary teams composed of medical examiners, forensic pathologists, anthropologists, forensic dentists, fingerprint specialists, radiologists and experts in search and recovery of physical evidence. Large scale tissue sampling and long-term DNA preservation under desiccation conditions with potential applications in mass fatalities has been recently described [2-4]. In this paper, we present an overview of current research in Forensic Science. Section II states the problem statement. Section III outlines the brief literature review on DNA, DNA Testing, Profiling and DNA Typing. Section IV describes the methodology of DNA Profiling, CODIS System. In Section V, we conclude with a summary of current problems in DNA Profiling in terms of cost and. time effectiveness. II. PROBLEM DEFINITION Considering DNA Profiling for crime investigation, instead of other biometrics like fingerprints Using cost effective and efficient system so that the real criminals can be traced out. III. Literature Review DNA is a molecule of life and main property of DNA is that is unique and found in all living organisms including virus. DNA is a double helix structure means containing two strands with four bases named as Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine and Guanine which are held together with the help of bonds. These base pairs are connected to ribose and phosphate molecule. User can have a better view of this DNA double helix from the figure given below. Figure Structure of DNA molecule As DNA is unique for each individual and it contains millions of nucleotide base pairs (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine). An individual DNA is made up of half of the DNA from father and half from mother so DNA testing process is used to know the evidence of paternity of children. DNA is located in most of the human body parts like blood, saliva, hair roots, white blood cells and body tissues which can be DNA profiled. In this way genetic information is taken from the samples during crime scenes and then investigated for the evidence of the criminal. A. What is DNA DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a hereditary material which is found in all living organisms including virus. It is located in the cells within nucleus that contains genetic information in which many hidden secrets are waiting to be explored. DNA contains 3 billion base pairs Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine(C) and Guanine (G) which are held together by strong hydrogen and covalent bonds. It is a ladder like structure vertical bars seems like pillars are made up of ribose and phosphate ions. The rungs of the ladder are composed of nucleotide base pairs which is actually needed to be stored as encrypted code in the database to process and identify people who are involved in crime or escape the innocent who have been in jail for years without committing any crime but after their DNA typing is being done will proved them for 100% accuracy that are not the suspects of crimes. B. Forensic DNA Procedures Personal identification is conducted using special biological features like DNA, saliva, blood, etc. ), physiological features like fingerprints, eye irises and retinas, hand palm and facial features), behavioural characteristics including lip motion, dynamic signature. DNA plays a vital role in identification of individuals in which genetic patterns of inheritance are used as markers for unique identity of individuals. All humans have 99% same DNA sequences and still they have got millions of genetic differences. C. What is DNA Profiling DNA profiling, otherwise known as DNA testing or genetic fingerprinting, is the process of identifying an individual from their unique sequence of loci (part of the chromosome), gained by accessing a sample of the individual’s DNA [5]. Profiling is used by forensic scientists to find the identity of those involved in criminal activity. DNA Profiling which may also called as DNA typing or Genetic fingerprinting has been evolved as a revolutionary, powerful and reliable identification tool which has got lots of applications. As far as other identification tools are also widely used for identification purpose like for example Finger Print Recognition System, Iris Recognition System, Palm Recognition System and Voice Recognition System etc. , all of these application softwares are implemented to solve real world problems especially for security purpose. DNA profiling is widely used in crime investigations, Paternity of child, Medical diagnosis and many others. DNA sequencing needed to increase the processing speed for sequencing the nucleotide base pairs. DNA profiling is done by many techniques and still researchers are trying to invent cost effective and speedy techniques to process the DNA sequence in less time and give accurate result in the form of perfect match. These techniques like STR (Short Tandem Repeat profiling), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and many others that involved the examination of successive regions of DNA. There is a population database that might be involved in crimes or might not be involved. The distribution of DNA sequence which has been got from DNA profiling techniques are examined and will relate to the given DNA database to get the indication whether that DNA is related to the population sample present already in the database. D. DNA Typing 99. 9% of the DNA from two people will be identical. [6]The 0. 1% of DNA code sequences that vary from person to person is what makes us unique [6]. These sequences are called genetic markers, and are the part of the code that forensic scientists use when doing a DNA test [6]. It is a process of extraction of DNA fragments from reference sample found at the crime scene which is further analyzed and processed by many optimization techniques which will be discussed in later section. Then it will generate a genotype pattern in encrypted form that can be read and stored in computer system as National DNA Database. This unique pattern of DNA that is used for accurate identification of a person is called as DNA Profile which is unique for each individual with the exception of DNA profile that is derived from identical twins. DNA Testing DNA is very powerful and efficient tool for identification and has got many other applications [6]. Some of the uses are given below: 1) Parental Testing: It is used to know if someone is real father of a child or not. 2) Forensic testing: It is used crime investigation. 3) Gene therapy: It is used to establish birth defects and to test parents for genetic conditions. 4) Genetic genealogy: It is used to know more about someone’s ancestry. IV. Methodology A. Process Of DNA Profiling (Crime Investigation) Take a reference sample of tissue found in crime scene, cut the DNA into fragments using biological techniques that might include RFLP(Reduced Fragment Length Polymorphism) after that do PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis of DNA fragments which will create copies of DNA alleles or loci (specific location in chromosome) which represent Genotype data which will going to be converted to encrypted genetic code which computer , in case of crime investigation, analyst will use CODIS (Combined DNA Index System). CODIS has incorporated two databases the one includes the genetic information of DNA sample which is a reference sample and other database included a population sample. CODIS will automatically process the sample DNA for the match if match found with population database then it will generate profile of the suspect accordingly. Figure Process of DNA Profiling V. Conclusion DNA profiling which is used in forensic evidences needed to be proficient in examining the suspect of crime. The problem encountered in DNA profiling is the techniques which take much time to read the genetic code sequence. It takes exponential time to handle the DNA structure during testing and validation phase to ensure that the particular DNA belongs to right person or not. There should be a procedure to knock out this lengthy procedure and use some other technology that could be nanotechnology which is again a vast field to explore the things out to solve our real life problems. What if system read the sequence directly from DNA instead of going through big lengthy complicated and time consuming procedures avoiding Petri Dish Testing of blood samples? Acknowledgment I would like to extend our heartiest gratitude to Dr. Maqbool Sheikh, for his invaluable guidance, inspirations and timely suggestions which facilitated the entire process of bringing out this research on â€Å"DNA Profiling for Crime Investigation†. It would have been really hard to complete this project successfully without the directions of Dr. Maqbool Sheikh.

Apartheid In South Africa Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Apartheid In South Africa Essay, Research Paper Apartheid In South Africa APARTHEID Apartheid is the political policy of racial segregation. In Afrikaans, it agencies apartness, and it was pioneered in 1948 by the South African National Party when it came to power. Not merely did apartheid seperate Whites from non-whites, it besides segregated the Blacks ( Africans ) from the Coloureds ( Indians, Asians ) . All things such as occupations, schools, railroad Stationss, beaches, park benches, public lavatories and even parliament. Apartheid besides prevented inkinesss from life in white countries. This brought about the despised # 8220 ; pass Torahs # 8221 ; . These Torahs required any colored to transport a base on balls on him or her. Unless it was stamped on their base on balls, they were non allowed to stay in a white country for more than 72 hours. Despite the fact that the Whites merely make up merely over 14 % of the population, they own 86.3 % of the land. However, it must be said that the Afrikaaners are entitled to the Orange Free State and Transvaal as they were foremost to utilize it after the Great Trek of 1836. We will write a custom essay sample on Apartheid In South Africa Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mean South African White earns eight times every bit much as the norm black adult male. Coloureds earn three times every bit much as black while colords earn good over half of what whites earn. During Apartheid, media censoring was at an all clip high. Peoples were even banned from demoing Soweto on telecasting. It was common to see a newspaper shut down, and so get down once more after being halted by the authorities. Up until 1985, assorted matrimonies were banned. This meant that a individual of one race cold non get married a individual of another race. Apartheid was non merely used in theory, but besides by jurisprudence. Every individual was classifed, merely like an animate being, as white, black or coloured. The system of Apartheid began to deteriorate in the mid to late 1980 # 8217 ; s. In 1985, assorted matrimonies were allowed, the Pass Torahs repealed, and a general weakening of junior-grade segregation Torahs sing Parkss and beaches. In 1994, the full system collapsed after Pres. F.W. de Klerk gave non- Whites to vote. Nelson Mandella was elected tooffice following his prison release in February 1990. GROUP AREAS ACT A Group Areas Act, froom 1948, set aside most of the coutntry for usage by the Whites. Smaller, and less desiracle countries called # 8216 ; bantustans # 8217 ; were set aside for inkinesss. These countries are over crowded, un sanitory, and most of all, unhygenic. Soweto, a big bantustan, is the size of Brighton, yet has over two million peopl in it. Blacks were told to see these desolate and sterile countries as their # 8216 ; homelands # 8217 ; . Over half of the black South African population lived, non in these batustans, but in the white countries of the state for inexpensive labor. Nonwhites had to populate in shanty towns, while the Whites lived comfortably. KEY GROUPS AND FIGURES AWB The AWB ( Afrikaans for Afrikaaners Resistance Movement ) are an utmost right flying group who seek the formation of a Volkstaat. A Volkstaat would be wholly made up of Afrikaaners. Led by Eugene Terre # 8217 ; blanche, they resort to terrorist activities such as bombardments, shots, arm larceny and foraies on black townships to accomplish their purpose. They are wholly for segregation. STEVE BIKO Born in 1946, he attended Natal University in 1966 to analyze medacine. After go forthing the white dominated National Union of pupils to organize the all- black South African Students Organisation. Aleading figure in the Black R / gt ; Conciosness Movement, he formed the Black Peoples Convention, and several communtity based administrations. In 1975, he was held without apprehension for 137 yearss. Not surprisingly, he died in 1977 after being beaten in constabulary detention after being taken from Port Elisabeth to Pretoria. NELSON MANDELLA Born into the Royal Family of the Tembu in Transkei. For engagement in pupil political relations, he was expelledfrom Fort Haire University, but obtained a jurisprudence grade by correspondance. He established the first African jurisprudence practise in Johannesburg along with his spouse Oliver Tambo. He co-founded the ANC with Youth League with Tambo and Walter Sisulu and finally became National President. In 1952, he was arrested for the Defiance run, which blatantly broke Apartheid Torahs. In 1956, Mandella was charged with High Treason. He was aquitted four and a half old ages subsequently. After the Sharpeville massaacre, Mandella helped organize the military wing of the ANC. He went into concealment and travelled abroad before being once more arrested, this clip for illicitly go outing the state in 1962, for which he recieved a sentence of five old ages. Whilst functioning this sentence, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for # 8217 ; sabotage # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; confederacy to subvert the authorities by revolution # 8217 ; . This was highly unfair, as he was charged with these offenses under the Suppression of Communism Act, and Mandella favoured a Westminster type democracy. Finally, after old ages of international force per unit area, Mandella was released in February, 1990. In 1993, he shared the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1994, became South African President. DESMOND TUTU Ordained as apriest in 1961, Tutu studied divinity in London where he gaine dhis asters degree in 1966. He became bishop of Lesotho in 1978 and was appoited secretary-general of the South African Council of Churches in the same twelvemonth. He was honoured world-wide for his finding in defying apartheid peacefuly. He supported the Free Mandela run and promoted peaceful disobidience. Awarded the Nobel piec award in 1985, he was a powerful voice amongst those naming for economic countenances to be placed on South Africa. He was Archbishop of Johannesburg, so Cape Town, befor retiring in 1995. HENDRIK VERWOERD Born in Holland, Verwoerd was known as one of the # 8216 ; designers of apartheid # 8217 ; because he created the thought of bantustan and Bantu instruction. In 1946, he became vice-chairman of the National Party in Transval and so Minister of Native and Bantu Administration in 1950. He became Prime Minister in 1958 and was assassinated eight old ages subsequently. Summary From 1948 to 1990, South Africa had an appaling record with respects to human rights. Not merely was Apartheid in usage, but inkinesss were being killed on streets, resort area and even in their places and constabularies Stationss. The authorities organised and condoned this behavior. They breached Article of the decleration of human rights by censoring groups such as the ANC. Article was breached by the constabularies when they would collar people for no ground. Finally Article was breached merely because the South African Government, ground forces and constabularies force did non handle inkinesss equaly and reasonably similar human existences. With the Presidency of Nelson Mandella, and the leading of the ANC, the state looks set to set behind them the problems of the past one hundred old ages, nevertheless, with radical groups and people such as the AWB and Eugene Terre # 8217 ; Blanche, one can neer be certain. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

The Mind Of A Serial Killer Essay Example For Students

The Mind Of A Serial Killer Essay SERIAL MURDER: In the last three decades the USA has been troubled by an approaching problem, the serial killer. A serial killer is a person who kills a number of people, usually considered over five, with a cooling off period between each murder, usually one murder at one given time). Two murders at one time occasionally happen and these murders may go on for a period of months or years until the killer is caught. Throughout the last three decades the US serial killer rate has risen 94% and it is estimated that by the next millennium it will claim an average of 11 lives a day. Serial Murder is an epidemic; there are at least 35 serial killers active in the USA today who claim one third of the annual murder rate. We will write a custom essay on The Mind Of A Serial Killer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The USA has 6% of the worlds population yet it has three quarters of all serial killers. Not only are serial killers appearing in more numbers in the US but also all over the world countries are terrorized by serial killers, which are appearing in more numbers year and year after. KILLER TRAIT: A serial killer is a typical white male, 20-30, and most of them are usually in the USA. Their main motives are sex (even though the act of sex may or may not take place), power, manipulation, domination and control. The sex motive is usually rape for an organized killer and sadism for a disorganized killer. They act in a series of 5 or more murders with a cooling off period between each murder. Serial killers can go on for months and years before they are usually caught. The victim is usually the same for every killer prostitute, hitchhiker etc. Their victims may also have the same or similar attributes in gender, age, race, general look, residence etc. Serial killers also stick by their modus operandi very closely and may change it with experience. Most murders occur by strangulation, suffocation, stabbing etc. Serial killers act by a sex-murder fantasy based with their control, they usually live in this dream world in their teens until they act it out for real when they get into the adult stage. As each murder occurs a serial killer may be disappointed by his murder fantasy and may act it out again to achieve it to there own satisfaction. CHARACTERISTICS OF A SERIAL KILLER: 1. Killings are separate (serial), occurring with greater or less frequency, often escalating over a period of time, sometimes years, and will continue until the killer is taken into custody, dies, or is himself/herself killed. 2. In common with normal homicides, killing tends to be one on one. There are instances however where a serial killer has struck down more than one victim in a single incident. 3. There is no (or very little) previous connection between the perpetrator and the victim; the persons involved rarely being related. 4. Although there may be a pattern or victim trait, individual murders within a series rarely display a clearly defined or rational motive. 5. An increasingly greater spatial mobility (since the advent of the automobile) has enabled killers (if they wish) to move rapidly from one place to another, often before a murder has even been discovered. 6. There is usually a high degree of redundant violence, or an overkill, where the victim is subjected to a disproportionate level of brutality. MOTIVES: These are the motives a serial killer might display (some killers display various motives): Visionaries Acts in response to voices and is instructed by these voices to perform the act of murder. These killers are usually schizophrenic and psychotic. Missionaries They think it is their responsibility to rid society of unwanted elements. Hedonists Kill because murder causes them pleasure. .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 , .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .postImageUrl , .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 , .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:hover , .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:visited , .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:active { border:0!important; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:active , .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89 .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43ac6111fcc8a3421f25c65400083b89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: LEGALIZATION Essay Lust Killers Kill for sexual gratification with acts that are usually sadistic. Thrill Killers Kill because of a desire for a thrill or experience. Gain Killers Kill for personal gain. The killer premeditates the act to require financial gain or materialistic goods. While gain is not the main motive in a murder some serial killers have took the opportunity to steal from their victims for their own personal . The Mind of a Serial Killer Essay Example For Students The Mind of a Serial Killer Essay In the last three decades the USA has been troubled by an approaching problem, the serial killer. A serial killer is a person who kills a number of people, usually considered over five, with a cooling off period between each murder, usually one murder at one given time). Two murders at one time occasionally happen and these murders may go on for a period of months or years until the killer is caught. Throughout the last three decades the US serial killer rate has risen 94% and it is estimated that by the next millennium it will claim an average of 11 lives a day. Serial Murder is an epidemic; there are at least 35 serial killers active in the USA today who claim one third of the annual murder rate. We will write a custom essay on The Mind of a Serial Killer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The USA has 6% of the worlds population yet it has three quarters of all serial killers. Not only are serial killers appearing in more numbers in the US but also all over the world countries are terrorized by serial killers, which are appearing in more numbers year and year after. A serial killer is a typical white male, 20-30, and most of them are usually in the USA. Their main motives are sex (even though the act of sex may or may not take place), power, manipulation, domination and control. The sex motive is usually rape for an organized killer and sadism for a disorganized killer. They act in a series of 5 or more murders with a cooling off period between each murder. Serial killers can go on for months and years before they are usually caught. The victim is usually the same for every killer prostitute, hitchhiker etc. Their victims may also have the same or similar attributes in gender, age, race, general look, residence etc. Serial killers also stick by their modus operandi very closely and may change it with experience. Most murders occur by strangulation, suffocation, stabbing etc. Serial killers act by a sex-murder fantasy based with their control, they usually live in this dream world in their teens until they act it out for real when they get into the adult stage. As each murder occurs a serial killer may be disappointed by his murder fantasy and may act it out again to achieve it to there own satisfaction. 1. Killings are separate (serial), occurring with greater or less frequency, often escalating over a period of time, sometimes years, and will continue until the killer is taken into custody, dies, or is himself/herself killed. 2. In common with normal homicides, killing tends to be one on one. There are instances however where a serial killer has struck down more than one victim in a single incident. 3. There is no (or very little) previous connection between the perpetrator and the victim; the persons involved rarely being related. 4. Although there may be a pattern or victim trait, individual murders within a series rarely display a clearly defined or rational motive. 5. An increasingly greater spatial mobility (since the advent of the automobile) has enabled killers (if they wish) to move rapidly from one place to another, often before a murder has even been discovered. 6. There is usually a high degree of redundant violence, or an overkill, where the victim is subjected to a disproportionate level of brutality. These are the motives a serial killer might display (some killers display various motives): Visionaries Acts in response to voices and is instructed by these voices to perform the act of murder. These killers are usually schizophrenic and psychotic. Missionaries They think it is their responsibility to rid society of unwanted elements. Hedonists Kill because murder causes them pleasure. .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 , .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .postImageUrl , .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 , .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:hover , .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:visited , .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:active { border:0!important; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:active , .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81 .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65ce8338535fabbb5894933d5699af81:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality Essay Lust Killers Kill for sexual gratification with acts that are usually sadistic. Thrill Killers Kill because of a desire for a thrill or experience. Gain Killers Kill for personal gain. The killer premeditates the act to require financial gain or materialistic goods. While gain is not the main motive in a murder some serial killers have took the opportunity to steal from their victims for their own personal gain. Power Seekers Kill for . The Mind Of A Serial Killer Essay Example For Students The Mind Of A Serial Killer Essay SERIAL MURDER: In the last three decades the USA has been troubled by an approaching problem, the serial killer. A serial killer is a person who kills a number of people, usually considered over five, with a cooling off period between each murder, usually one murder at one given time). Two murders at one time occasionally happen and these murders may go on for a period of months or years until the killer is caught. Throughout the last three decades the US serial killer rate has risen 94% and it is estimated that by the next millennium it will claim an average of 11 lives a day. Serial Murder is an epidemic; there are at least 35 serial killers active in the USA today who claim one third of the annual murder rate. We will write a custom essay on The Mind Of A Serial Killer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The USA has 6% of the worlds population yet it has three quarters of all serial killers. Not only are serial killers appearing in more numbers in the US but also all over the world countries are terrorized by serial killers, which are appearing in more numbers year and year after. KILLER TRAIT: A serial killer is a typical white male, 20-30, and most of them are usually in the USA. Their main motives are sex (even though the act of sex may or may not take place), power, manipulation, domination and control. The sex motive is usually rape for an organized killer and sadism for a disorganized killer. They act in a series of 5 or more murders with a cooling off period between each murder. Serial killers can go on for months and years before they are usually caught. The victim is usually the same for every killer prostitute, hitchhiker etc. Their victims may also have the same or similar attributes in gender, age, race, general look, residence etc. Serial killers also stick by their modus operandi very closely and may change it with experience. Most murders occur by strangulation, suffocation, stabbing etc. Serial killers act by a sex-murder fantasy based with their control, they usually live in this dream world in their teens until they act it out for real when they get into the adult stage. As each murder occurs a serial killer may be disappointed by his murder fantasy and may act it out again to achieve it to there own satisfaction. CHARACTERISTICS OF A SERIAL KILLER: 1. Killings are separate (serial), occurring with greater or less frequency, often escalating over a period of time, sometimes years, and will continue until the killer is taken into custody, dies, or is himself/herself killed. 2. In common with normal homicides, killing tends to be one on one. There are instances however where a serial killer has struck down more than one victim in a single incident. 3. There is no (or very little) previous connection between the perpetrator and the victim; the persons involved rarely being related. 4. Although there may be a pattern or victim trait, individual murders within a series rarely display a clearly defined or rational motive. 5. An increasingly greater spatial mobility (since the advent of the automobile) has enabled killers (if they wish) to move rapidly from one place to another, often before a murder has even been discovered. 6. There is usually a high degree of redundant violence, or an overkill, where the victim is subjected to a disproportionate level of brutality. MOTIVES: These are the motives a serial killer might display (some killers display various motives): Visionaries Acts in response to voices and is instructed by these voices to perform the act of murder. These killers are usually schizophrenic and psychotic. Missionaries They think it is their responsibility to rid society of unwanted elements. Hedonists Kill because murder causes them pleasure. .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 , .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .postImageUrl , .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 , .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:hover , .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:visited , .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:active { border:0!important; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:active , .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1 .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u549ff88a7b59c2ae50b68f76aab3f6b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Titus Essay Lust Killers Kill for sexual gratification with acts that are usually sadistic. Thrill Killers Kill because of a desire for a thrill or experience. Gain Killers Kill for personal gain. The killer premeditates the act to require financial gain or materialistic goods. While gain is not the main motive in a murder some serial killers have took the opportunity to steal from their victims for their own personal .

College Life Essay Samples - How to Make Them With Ease

College Life Essay Samples - How to Make Them With EaseCollege life essays are probably one of the most important parts of any student's education. They can really set the tone for the rest of the semester and help to form your character as a future student.What can be done to make this process much easier? There are many resources available to help you with this process, so that you can create an effective essay sample that will not only help you in the class, but also help to set the tone for your entire career. So what exactly can you do?First off, when writing about college life, it is important to remember that the term itself is subjective. If you really want to stick to the meaning of the term, you should follow the idea of using colloquialisms and slang. When writing about college life, the slang used in everyday life can be a great way to keep things interesting and entertaining.Another way to spice up the essay is to make a point of showing all of the events in college life that are important. In other words, try to highlight all of the different things that make the experience so special to you. Of course, this could be difficult to do if you have only ever been a student at one college or university. If this is the case, try to find some life history events that you have either experienced personally or read about in the newspaper.Once you have gathered a bunch of interesting stories, you will be able to give these a more personal touch to the life history section of your essay. Most students will use these as examples of the kind of experiences they had in college life. For example, you may have a friend that has started his own business or went to school to become a pilot.When writing about the experiences you had in college life, it is important to try to choose one aspect that you were very happy with in your time at college. It may have been the classroom setting, the campus club, or maybe even the people that you met at the school. Try to focu s on the positive aspects of your college experience and make sure to be completely honest with yourself.Once you have written your college life essay, it is important to give it to a few people to make sure that it is solid and free from any grammatical errors. All of your peers can give you feedback and can point out any problems that you may have not picked up on yourself. All of this will really help to make sure that you get the most out of your life story.In conclusion, while college life can be pretty stressful and confusing, this doesn't mean that you should not be prepared. In fact, one of the best ways to make sure that you can make the most of your time at college is to plan out a life story and practice your own version. Write this essay sample down, then make sure that you use it in class, during college and after college.

Conquest of mexico essays

Conquest of mexico essays The Aztecs Account of the Conquest of Mexico "Is Hernan Cortez Guilty of violating International Laws?" The discovery of the New World was part of the remarkable European expansion. This expansion was possible due to the European's technical skills in navigation, their economic status in maritime and military enterprise, their interest in spreading Christianity and their determination to gain new lands and wealth. The Spaniards reached the New World in a conquest spirit. Spain's exploration of the New World was driven by their interest in expansion of their empire and spread of Catholicism. Many of the dedicated missionaries who embarked on the explorations were consistent in their purpose to, as they put it, " save the souls of the heathen Indians". For the conquerors like Hernan Cortez and Fransisco Pizarro their motivation was no doubt more complex. Hernan Cortez was born in Medillin, Spain in 1485. His Father fought against the Moors and his mother was an honest religious woman. After failing as a student Cortez came to the New World following in his father footsteps. He became involved in many expeditions and in 1518-1519 the governor of Cuba, Velazques motivated to acquire the riches of the land, wanted to make full contact with mainland, Mexico, and Cortez was appointed the leader of the expedition. Cortez narrowly managed to undertake the expedition and in 1519 he arrived in Mexico with only 500 men, 16 horses and several pieces of artillery. Cortez landed near Villa Rica de Vera Cruz and immediately gain political control of the city. Soon the Spaniards started to trek inland and fought against the Tlaxcalan people who surrendered and became Cortez's most faithful allies. By October 1519 this combine force reached the Aztec village of Choula where they slaughtered over 3000 citizens of Choula. At this point the ruler of Tenochtitlan, Motecuhzuma was very troubled but he believed that Cortez was actually t...

Revolts in Medieval Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Revolts in Medieval Europe - Essay Example There were many political, economical and social reasons for these revolts, which happened one chasing the other. Europe had been suffering from the three orders of society, ruling class, clergy and common people, for a long time. In some regions and states, it was the ruling class that harassed the poor and in some other regions, it was the clergy. Actually, the religious superstitions were such, that clergy, abbots, papacy got away with unspeakable crimes. The political size and management of states, economic upheavals were the other newly introduced issues. "Since the early fourteenth century new elements had come into play. The growth in the size of states and the increasing number of wars had raised the financial requirements of governments and made the state of inequality, already observable in the thirteenth century, harder to bear," Mollatt and Wolff (p.107). The reasons and problems had accumulated for decades, and while looking at them from this distance, it is surprising that the church leaders and kings failed to recognise them. Unrest was clearly in the air and unfortunately, no steps were taken by either the ruling class, or the religious leaders and every time, the situation was mishandled and reached the inevitable gory end. In the beginning of 14th century Europe came to a grinding halt, due ... In the beginning of 14th century Europe came to a grinding halt, due to popular revolts. It was the time when a series of revolts combined with unfortunate epidemics like Black Death (1348), Great Famine (1315 - 1317) hit Europe with unbelievable mayhem. According to climatologists, it might have occurred because of Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, and the overpopulation of around a 100 million in Europe. At least half of the population was wiped out in these catastrophes, while the remaining half was terribly troubled by a series of popular revolts. Those were violent and unfortunate times. There was severe unhappiness in the continent combined with continuous wars and skirmishes, social unrest, class struggle, economic depression, and to top it all, religious bigotry. France and England got involved in the most tortuous Hundred Years' War and the Great Schism ruined the arguable unity existed till them in the Catholic Church. German States with diverse identities cropped up and this undermined the Holy Roman Empire, which lost its importance and authority. Those were unhappy and difficult times, crying in need of social reforms and political insight, without being provided. Popular revolts were by peasants in the countryside and by bourgeois in the towns, but the victims were the same, abbots, nobility and kings and chieftains. "The Middle Ages by themselves harshly tested human perseverance, imagination, and spirit. Living conditions were squalid for almost everyone except the ruling elite; most of the riches of Western culture were preserved at best in monasteries and on other continents. Then came the widespread famines, prolonged wars, and plagues that mark Europe's late medieval period as one

Amazon Acquisition and Equity Investment Research Paper

Amazon Acquisition and Equity Investment - Research Paper Example 2- SET OF COMPANIES ACQUIRED BY AMAZON IN 2011 In 2011, set of companies were acquired with price of US $771 million by Amazon (Amazon, 2011). None of the companies are defined specifically but all are aimed at market development for Amazon for increasing customer base as well as sales channel increase in portfolio. Two of the companies included Marshall Cavendish US Children’s Books Titles and LoveFilm International Limited Etc (Amazon, 2013). The change in sales and net income from acquisition was as follows: Set Of Companies in 2011 2011 2010 Sales 48,077 34,204 Change In Sales 40.56% Â   Net income 631 1152 Change In NI -45.23% (Amazon, 2011) The above acquisition also impacted sales positively. But rise in sales is increasingly offset by the downside movement of net income. With acquisition of companies Amazon.com has burdened its net income with additional five percent than magnitude of sales rise. Hence, the acquisition cannot be referred as successful strategy. 3- AQC UISITION OF ZAPPOS.COM, INC. The acquisition was conducted on November 2009 with purchase price of US $.1,134 million (Amazon, 2009). The acquisition was aimed at market penetration and expanding Amazon’s presence in categories shoes and apparel. The impact of Zappos.com Inc on the sales and net income has been highly successful as reflected from the given below change in sales and in net income: ZAPPOS.COM, INC IN 2009 2009 2008 Sales 24,509 19,166 Change In Sales 27.88% Â   Net income 902 645 Change In NI 39.84% (Amazon, 2009) Hence, Zappos.com. Inc acquisition can be regarded as successful from results shown above as not only the sales have increased but the profits have increased as well. ANSWER # 2 The assessment of each of the acquisitions mentioned above with respect to its timing of investment is conducted as follows as discussed in annual reports of the company: FOR Kiva IN 2012 Investment Value $678 million SALES Actual Pro Forma Change 2